INDIVIDUAL MARKETING PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INDIVIDUAL MARKETING PLAN - Essay Example We also aim to expand our distribution through creation of online channels so that we can reach as many customers as we can. Our promotion strategy would also include providing extra benefits to our dealers so that we can achieve more shelf space. This plan will be implemented with overall budget around $ 400,000/ in first year and with its implementation, we intend to achieve an increase of 1% in our market share and have set a baseline of 10,000 units to be sold through our traditional network of dealers as well as online distribution. There are growing changes into the consumer preferences in terms of their preference for V8 Cars in Australia. There are many factors responsible for this change including rising oil prices; global credit crunch as well as increasing commodity prices however despite those key players in Australian Market witnessed slow but steady growth in V8 Market. 1 Muscle V8 cars are high powered cars mostly from American and Australian models. The most important characteristics of such types of cars is the fact that they are two door rear wheel cars and are considered as midsized cars with typical V8 engines. These cars were mostly used for street driving and in some cases for racing. Recent trends however suggest that new models have been developed particularly for racing purposes. The history of V8 Cars in Australia is one of the great achievements in terms of cars production of V8 model now run in millions. During last sixty years, GM Holden Ford has been two most important players in Australia who have dominated the market for V8 cars especially through a continuous process of improvements. This improvement, made according to the customer tastes and preferences, saw a shift in the design and use of V8 cars from just street cars to the V8 super cars for racing purposes. The typical romance for such types of cars is still on rise as

the Collection The Worlds Wife Essay Example for Free

the Collection The Worlds Wife Essay Anne Hathaway is written in a very similar style to all the other poems in The Worlds Wife. My lovers words were shooting starts that fell to earth as kisses is a metaphor emphasising the brilliance of his words and implying that they originated in heaven, thus making them perfect. Duffy frequently uses imagery thus. The bed a page beneath his writers hands is an example of figurative language in the semantic field of writing, which is associated with Shakespeare. Similarly, Mrs Aesop is filled with morals such as the pot that called the kettle [black], as fables are what Aesop is remembered for, and Frau Freud is centred around euphemisms for penis, as penis envy was Freuds legacy. This use of subject-specific lexemes is frequently used by Duffy to invoke thoughts of the famous figures concerned. Just as I had wept for a night and a day / over my loss in Mrs Lazarus contains enjambement, very few lines in Anne Hathaway are endstopped, resulting in a flowing syntax emphasising the fluidity of their love. Duffy does, however, use caesura on the line a page beneath his writers hands. Romance and drama , dividing the ensuing romance and drama from Anne dreaming, perhaps implying that she would still have experienced romance and drama without dreaming. Gone home. Gutted the place from Mrs Lazarus is another example of caesura separating actions, this time to express a sense of finality and determination. The descriptive feel of Anne Hathaway is enhanced by Duffys use of declarative sentences. Alliteration in living laughing love expresses happiness, just as feared, famous, friends of the stars is alliterative to show how the Kray Sisters were happy because of their fame. This contented fluidity is further enhanced by assonance other bed, the best, our guests; sibilance by scent, by taste; and fricatives softer rhyme. These makes their love seem continuous, just as the birth in Pope Joan seems unstoppable because of the fricatives and repetition of lifting me, flinging me down All these literary features are used in every poem in The Worlds Wife, making Anne Hathaway feel a natural part of the collection. However, The Worlds Wife is all about feminism; the genitive in the title suggesting that women are possessions and that this is evident across the entire planet. The poems satirise this attitude using hyperbole, for instance making Aesop obsessed with morals, or by twisting history (making the Kray Brothers women). Every poem is a famous story told from the point of view of a woman, often turning the plot of the story around as with Little Red-Cap, or giving the pivotal point of the story to the woman, as with Mrs Darwin. Anne Hathaway is not satirical. Although, as most of Duffys poems are, it is a dramatic monologue, it is not a rant. It is a love poem. Throughout Anne Hathaway there are two separate lexical chains: words such as kisses, lips, hands and body in the semantic field of love and nouns such as words, page, noun and verb in the semantic field of writing. Just as these two chains are clearly separated, so Shakespeares writing was separate from his love. This is emphasised in the title: unlike the other poems in the collection, Anne Hathaway is not entitled Mrs. Shakespeare. The name Shakespeare is associated with Shakespeares works. The different surname separates Anne Hathaways love from Shakespeares works, which were fictional: Shakespeares love for Anne was not fictional. The two lexical chains do touch in places, for instance the bed a page beneath his writers hands. Each time the two themes combine it is to describe more vividly a sensual action, such as the innuendo a verb dancing in the centre of a noun. This is to emphasise how Shakespeare put his whole being and essence into loving Anne Hathaway. There is only one other true love poem in The Worlds Wife: Delilah. The love Delilah feels for Samson is emphasised by the use of polysyndeton, sibilance and alliterative fricatives in slip and slide and sprawl, handsome and huge. Samsons physical strength is represented semantically by the nouns tiger, fire and Minotaur which carry connotations of power and fear. The simple rhyming couplets bear/dare, fear/here bring a feeling of truth and simplicity to Samsons claims. This strength contrasts with the emotional weakness he then demonstrates, justifying Delilahs desire to help him. She is portrayed as very possessive of Samson, my warrior and his head on my lap suggesting that she felt empowered and within her right to act. The simple, isolated sentence I was there implies that she loves the power, as do the adjectives deliberate, passionate. Although in this poem Duffy doesnt represent the woman as being in the right, Duffy at least makes both characters seem more human, lowering Samson from his position of strength and raising Delilah from her baseness.

Movie: One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest Essays Film

Movie: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's nest, there was a character named McMurphy, played by Jack Nickolson, who was admitted into a mental institution for medical testing after having been convicted of statutory rape. It was obvious that he was only faking and he thought that he could get off from having to serve his sentence in a work camp. He pretty much saw everything and everyone as a joke but the only person who he didn't fool was nurse Ratchet. He thought that he would be able to leave in a couple of months, the time of his sentence in the work camp, until he found out that he wouldn't be allowed to leave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a few days he began to see the patients as a group that needed more enjoyment in their lives and he wanted to try to find some way that they could get out and go to a bar and watch the world series. The nursing staff seemed uncaring to their lack of enjoyment to life and basically refused to allow the patients to even watch the game on the TV during their chores even after having took a vote where a mute patient nicknamed 'Chief' for the first time communicated that he wanted to watch the game. McMurphy had befriended Chief and later discovered that he was not deaf and dumb but was only faking his muteness and they planed to escape together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McMurphy later found out that many of these patients were here only because they put themselves here and didn't want to leave even though they had the option to. He tried his best to bring some life to these patients such as teaching them to play poker and gambling for cigarettes. He even went so far as to escape over a fence only to open the gate and to get the patients onto a nearby bus and drive them to the docks where he took them on a fishing trip. Also he arranged for his girlfriend and a prostitute to come to the institution at night with some alcohol and had a little party for them before he decided he was going to escape. The next morning one of the patients who was suicidal was found by the nurses in bed with the prostitute. Nurse Ratchet told him that he would tell his mother what he had done and the patient was found later dead on the floor from having had slashed his own throat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McMurphy never did leave and he was given a form of therapy called ECT,

Indus Valley Civilization.

Indus Valley Civilization. The earliest traces of civilization in the Indian subcontinent are to be found in places along, or close, to the Indus river. Excavations first conducted in 1921-22, in the ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro, both now in Pakistan, pointed to a highly complex civilization that first developed some 4,500-5,000 years ago, and subsequent archaeological and historical research has now furnished us with a more detailed picture of the Indus Valley Civilization and its inhabitants.The Indus Valley people were most likely Dravidians, who may have been pushed down into south India when the Aryans, with their more advanced military technology, commenced their migrations to India around 2,000 BCE. Though the Indus Valley script remains undeciphered down to the present day, the numerous seals discovered during the excavations, as well as statuary and pottery, not to mention the ruins of numerous Indus Valley cities, have enabled scholars to construct a reasonably plausible account of the Indus Valley Civilization.Some kind of centralized state, and certainly fairly extensive town planning, is suggested by the layout of the great cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro. The same kind of burnt brick appears to have been used in the construction of buildings in cities that were as much as several hundred miles apart. The weights and measures show a very considerable regularity. The Indus Valley people domesticated animals, and harvested various crops, such as cotton, sesame, peas, barley, and cotton. They may also have been a sea-faring people, and it is rather interesting that Indus Valley seals have been dug up in such places as Sumer.In most respects, the Indus Valley Civilization appears to have been urban, defying both the predominant idea of India as an eternally and essentially agricultural civilization, as well as the notion that the change from ‘rural’ to ‘urban’ represents something of a logical progression. The I ndus Valley people had a merchant class that, evidence suggests, engaged in extensive trading. Neither Harappa nor Mohenjodaro show any evidence of fire altars, and consequently one can reasonably conjecture that the various rituals around the fire which are so critical in Hinduism were introduced later by the Aryans.The Indus Valley people do not appear to have been in possession of the horse: there is no osteological evidence of horse remains in the Indian sub-continent before 2,000 BCE, when the Aryans first came to India, and on Harappan seals and terracotta figures, horses do not appear. Other than the archaeological ruins of Harappa and Mohenjodaro, these seals provide the most detailed clues about the character of the Indus Valley people. Bulls and elephants do appear on these seals, but the horned bull, most scholars are agreed, should not be taken to be congruent with Nandi, or Shiva’s bull.The horned bull appears in numerous Central Asian figures as well; it is also important to note that Shiva is not one of the gods invoked in the Rig Veda. The revered cow of the Hindus also does not appear on the seals. The women portrayed on the seals are shown with elaborate coiffures, sporting heavy jewelry, suggesting that the Indus Valley people were an urbane people with cultivated tastes and a refined aesthetic sensibility. A few thousand seals have been discovered in Indus Valley cities, showing some 400 pictographs: too few in number for the language to have been ideographic, and too many for the language to have been phonetic.The Indus Valley civilization raises a great many, largely unresolved, questions. Why did this civilization, considering its sophistication, not spread beyond the Indus Valley? In general, the area where the Indus valley cities developed is arid, and one can surmise that urban development took place along a river that flew through a virtual desert. The Indus Valley people did not develop agriculture on any large scale, and con sequently did not have to clear away a heavy growth of forest. Nor did they have the technology for that, since they were confined to using bronze or stone implements.They did not practice canal irrigation and did not have the heavy plough. Most significantly, under what circumstances did the Indus Valley cities undergo a decline? The first attacks on outlying villages by Aryans appear to have taken place around 2,000 BCE near Baluchistan, and of the major cities, at least Harappa was quite likely over-run by the Aryans. In the Rig Veda there is mention of a Vedic war god, Indra, destroying some forts and citadels, which could have included Harappa and some other Indus Valley cities.The conventional historical narrative speaks of a cataclysmic blow that struck the Indus Valley Civilization around 1,600 BCE, but that would not explain why settlements at a distance of several hundred miles from each other were all eradicated. The most compelling historical narrative still suggests tha t the demise and eventual disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization, which owed something to internal decline, nonetheless was facilitated by the arrival in India of the Aryans.

Rear Window

Lauren Riley Professor Piana February 26, 2012 Rear Window Last class we viewed the film called Rear Window. The main plot behind this film is the main character, Jefferies, has a broken leg therefore he has to spend 6 weeks in a wheelchair in his apartment. The one form of entertainment he has is to window watch all his neighbors. Jefferies has a girlfriend named Lisa but tells his nurse that he does not want to marry her. After a few weeks Jefferies catches onto his neighbors business. He seems to think one of his neighbors named Thorwall murdered his wife.He gets this perception from weapons being brought into the apartment and a random disappearance of his wife, while some of her belongings stay at the apartment. From here he spends the rest of his time trying to solve this â€Å"murder† mystery. He gets help from his girlfriend, a friend and his nurse. Towards the end of the movie the action increases dramatically. Lisa sneaks into Thorwall’s apartment to look for evidence of the murder. While she is in their Thorwall comes back and finds her in his apartment and begins to beat her. The police are then called and Lisa is brought to jail for trespassing.Next Thorwall sneaks into Jefferies apartment and begins to beat him up even though Jefferies is helpless because of his leg. He then pushes him out the window and survives but then breaks his other leg and has to go 6 more weeks’ window watching in his apartment. Important scenes play a big role in films. The first important scene is when Jefferies first discovers Thorwall’s wife is gone. This is when he comes up with the idea of the murder. This is the scene that begins the conflict in the film. Another important scene is when Lisa sneaks into Thorwall’s apartment and gets caught. This scene is the climax of the film.A final important scene is when Lisa is let out of jail and the policeman catch Jefferies out of the window and he breaks his other leg, this shows irony and a predicted future for him. Throughout films we see repeated elements. First we see girls wearing dresses. Back then girls were always dressed nicely. This is repeated throughout the whole film. A big element repeated is when Thorwall leaves his apartment 3 different times during one night when it was rainy out. He has his suitcase with him every time as well. This portrayed the first image of suspicion. Another repeated prop was binoculars.This was important because it helped them figure out the murder case and was an essential tool in this film. This film portrayed neighborly conflict. As we have seen in prior films, everyone must love they neighbor. I believe this was broken in this film. First we see someone’s dog was killed and she immediately starts blaming and asking which neighbor killed her dog. Another time where we don’t see loving neighbors is when Thorwall uses violence against Lisa and Jefferies. Respect for neighbors was not followed in this film. Withi n this film we see a lot of marital and serious relationships.We are portrayed with the image that the girl cooks dinner for the man every night and sets up a nice table and helps him relax after a long days of work. Unfortunately Jefferies sees a lot of this, but continues to believe in not marrying Lisa. Towards the end of the movie though his perspective changes. It shows Lisa and Jefferies happily relaxing in his apartment together. Within this film Hitchcock used Montage editing. This was a new concept back then and Hitchcock did a fantastic job using it. We saw frames from lots of different angels and frames put in order to create meaning.

What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal

What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal The United States recycles 150 million metric tons of scrap materials annually, including 85 million tons of iron and steel, 5.5 million tons of aluminum, 1.8 million tons of copper, 2 million tons of stainless steel, 1.2 million tons of lead and 420,000 tons of zinc, according to the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI). Other metals such as chrome, brass, bronze, magnesium, and tin are recycled as well. What Are the Benefits of Recycling All That Metal? By definition, mining metal ores and refining them into usable metals is unsustainable; the amount of metals present on earth is fixed when considering (at least when considering any useful geological time scale). However, metals are easily recycled and reused, providing renewed opportunities for their use without having to mine and refine more of it. Thus, issues associated with mining like can be avoided, like  acid mine drainage.  By recycling, we reduce the need to manage extensive and potential dangerous piles of mine tailings.   U.S. Exports Recycled Metal In 2008, the scrap recycling industry generated $86 billion and supported 85,000 jobs. The recycled materials that the industry processes into raw material feedstock every year are used for industrial manufacturing around the world. For example, 25% of the steel used in production car panels (doors, hood, etc.) is obtained from recycled materials. For copper, used in the home building industry for electric wires and plumbing pipes, that proportion surpasses 50%. Each year, the United States exports staggering amounts of scrap metals - called scrap commodities  -  contributing significantly to U.S. trade balances. For example, in 2012 the U.S. exported $3 billion worth of aluminum, $4 billion of copper, and $7.5 billion of iron and steel. Metal Recycling Saves Energy and Natural Resources Recycling scrap metal reduces the substantial amounts of  greenhouse gas emissions  produced during the various smelting and processing operations used when making metal from virgin ore. At the same time, the amount of energy used is also much smaller. Energy  savings using various recycled metals compared to virgin ore is up to: 92 percent for aluminum 90 percent for copper 56 percent for steel These savings are significant, especially when scaled up to large production capacities. Indeed, according to the U.S.Geological Survey, 60% of steel production comes directly from recycled iron and steel scrap. For copper, the proportion coming from recycled materials reaches 50%. Recycled copper is almost as valuable as new copper, making it a common target for scrap metal thieves. Metal recycling also conserves natural resources. Recycling one ton of steel conserves 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of limestone. Water is also used in great quantities in the manufacturing of many metals. According to an industry source, through recycling steel the amount of energy conserved would be enough to power 18 million homes for an entire year.  Recycling a ton of aluminum conserves up to 8 tons of bauxite ore and 14-megawatt hours of electricity.That figure does not even account for shipping the bauxite from where it is mined, generally in South America.  The total amount of energy saved in 2012 by making aluminum from recycled material added up to 76 million megawatt hours of electricity.​ Edited by Frederic Beaudry.

The Movie Proof Essays

The Movie Proof Essays The Movie Proof Essay The Movie Proof Essay Proof Proof is a film by John Madden. This movie is based on a play written by David Aubum which was a Pulitzer Prize winning play. This was originally produced by the Manhattan Theatre Club on May 23, 2000. It was made into a movie in 2005. Proof was acted out as in today’s times, not a replica that would have taken place decades ago. The main cast members were Gwyneth Paltrow as Catherine, Anthony Hopkins as Catherine’s father and Jake Gyllenhaal as Hal. This film is about a professor that was a mathematician. Anthony Hopkins played this specific role. The beginning started out as if he had been sick and shortly into the movie he passed away. Flashbacks that were not distinctly identified by some sort of change in scenery or computer editing, told the story of his profession and the brilliant mind of his character. Catherine dedicated the past 5 years to taking care of him throughout his illness until his passing. Catherine got to where she did not care as much about her appearance and schooling because of her devotion of love and care to her father. Hal was a student of her fathers who was a graduate also in mathematics. Hal knew of Catherine’s father’s proofs of math problems he came up with that proved to be correct, and wanted to find, out of his 130 notebooks, if his last one was correct. If it was, Hal wanted to have it published and made public. His personality was portrayed as a down to earth type of person who had a lot of care for Catherine. Catherine’s sister Clair (Hope Davis) comes into town for the funeral. She had a bold, persistent personality. She would not give up on anything until it was going to go the way she wanted. As the story goes ~ Catherine and her father lived together in Chicago. She took care of her ill father for many years until his death. Everyone that knew of him knew he was a genius in math, even coming up with formulas that no other could do. During his battle and staying at home, he would still practice problems and try to come up with something else. Catherine started buying him blank notebooks that ended with 130 by the time of his passing. When Clair arrives in town for their father’s funeral she visually realizes the mental status of her sister and how she had a large amount of grief that she carried around with her. Hal became a friend to Catherine as he would come over to finish homework. He knew of the notebooks and having an idea of what they contained but had to convince Catherine into letting him look at them. Very upset and stressed about her father’s death, she finally gives into Hal. Meanwhile, Clair planned the funeral with only how she though it should go. Having her persistent personality, she was insisting that Catherine come live with her and her husband in New York. Hal went around to different professors trying to see if the proof in the notebook he had worked out correctly and to get Catherine to publish it. Catherine admits that it was actually her notebook and work, but being in the mental state she was in, Hal nor her sister believed her. They had no knowledge of how brilliant her mind is, just as that as her father’s. Emotions come out when she is not believed. Her handwriting was nearly the same as her fathers. To make matters worse, Clair informed Catherine that she sold the house without her knowing and pushes for her to move to New York. Very opposed at first, she gives in and the house is packed and as they are leaving for the airport, Hal shows up to admit that it possibly is her writing, being very apologetic. She does not accept his words and leaves with Clair to head to the airport. Upon waiting to board their plane, she realizes he was serious about his words and believing her, runs out of the airport and back to Hal. The ending leaves you in suspense as to if the notebook containing the proof was 100% correct and if it was, did it get published. I was left with a kind of mixed impression of the film. Although it was a great movie, it was also one that I would watch one time unlike the ones we all can watch over and over ex: Wizard of Oz. There were several times I didn’t realize it went back into the past. There was no change of scenery, costumes not lighting to give you that hint. The costumes were that of normal, everyday, up to date clothing. This production went along throughout the whole thing with the characters keeping their personalities the same as from at the first and kept up with the dialogue point very well. Many aspects were visible to show the movies performance. All of the actors represented their own separate conflicts that didn’t affect the others. Catherine was stuck in grief and sadness until the end. She had the role as one facing depression. Clair was a person of confidence and pride. She presented an image of making one think she could do anything and everyone would let things go her way. Hal was a man of honor and appreciation. He knew how intelligent her father was and showed in a nonvisible was that he was honored to have been one of his students. Proof seemed to me as an example of a classical drama. A death was presented at the beginning only didn’t show the battle he fought. Catherine had a lot of mixed emotions that made her personality such as sadness, denial and guilt. Problems and emotions tent to get worse until the end when someone realizes the possibility of truth. This was made more for a movie and had no clues that it had once been a play. In summary, Proof was worth watching leaving me to think about what the point may be. I interpret it as relaying to an audience that our minds will only hold knowledge based on where we set our expectations. Setting high expectations means we know we will not always get it right on the first try but won’t stop until we reach our own level of satisfaction.

How Scholarly Articles Broaden the Students Understanding of Any Given Subject

How Scholarly Articles Broaden the Students Understanding of Any Given Subject Scholarly Articles Broaden the Students Outlook The student in higher education may ask: Beyond being required to incorporate them into my essays and papers, how are academic articles important? How exactly can they enhance my understanding of a subject? And don’t I get plenty of information from a course’s textbook? So Why Are They Important? A scholarly article is a short document written by an expert to convey and explore new information on a given subject. They are sources of high-quality information written by experts in a certain field – experts, by the way, who may have dedicated their entire life or career to exploring a subject. Scholarly articles, usually published by an academic press, are most always subject to a peer-review process, which means that in order for an article of this sort to be published a specialist or expert in the field must first evaluate its content, sources, and argument or analysis for quality and originality. This means that ALL the information conveyed in a scholarly article is credible, accurate and therefore beneficial to the student’s understanding of a subject and its real-world relevance and current applications. To put it plainly, scholarly articles, which are found in academic periodicals, are very advantageous to the student. Indeed most students will familiarize themselves with scholarly articles because students are generally required to include them in their research, their essays and their papers; students are usually required to evaluate an article’s content to expand on the topics they themselves are making in their academic work. But scholarly articles can also provide the student – perhaps one who may be struggling with grasping a subject or topic – with a general understanding of a subject. In some cases a textbook may only provide a student with a limited perspective on a topic or issue – while the scholarly article may offer differing viewpoints on a subject, perhaps providing both sides to a controversial subject, as well as explaining which side is more practical and why. They provide the student with the most up-to-date information on a subject, are good sources for generating ideas for papers and presentations, and are often briefer and sometimes easier to comprehend than maybe a textbook’s stale, one-sided and outdated approach in explaining a subject. Rather than providing a simple overview of the subject, which is the case with most textbooks, scholarly articles examine a subject, topic or issue in a practical way. An article of this sort reports on original research or experimentation, the kind usually only generalized in a textbook, and expands on that information and looks at a subject more in depth. The enduring purpose of these kinds of articles is to be made available to the rest of the scholarly or academic world. Scholarly articles can broaden a student’s understanding of a given subject or topic because those writing them are required to list the sources they used to write their article, in the form of footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies. The student looking to expand their knowledge on a subject can then look up any combination of these used sources, read them thoroughly, and as result will begin to familiarize themselves with a topic on several different levels. always strives to utilize top quality scholarly articles in its work. This ensures maximum quality and relevance of information that gets incorporated into our projects. For most disciplines the requirement is that all information should be no older than five years and from this stand, scholarly articles are an invaluable source of information. Feel free to contact us anytime and we guarantee you will get a quality product. is the service you can trust!

Legalizing marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legalizing marijuana - Essay Example There is evidence that it can be effective in addressing the symptoms of cancer, Aids, and other multiple conditions. Studies show that, marijuana helps to reduce stress, and it can be used to numb the body during the simple surgeries (Gerber 46). Analysis of the marijuana plant reveals that it contains plant chemicals that have medicinal values. In addition, legalizing Marijuana can serve as a way of decreasing the crime rate and combating it as well. This will also help in the reduction of overcrowding in prisons. This is because statistics indicate that 750,000 arrests yearly are related to marijuana. Colorado is one of the states that legalized marijuana, and the studies showed that the crime rate decreased by 3.3%, after the first month of legalizing it. This serves to prove that the legalization of marijuana presents more benefits (57). On the other hand, the legalization of marijuana can have adverse effects on the society. The fact that marijuana can alter the brain functions may lead to increased mental disorders. This in turn can serve to increase the rate of crime in the society by registering more robberies, accidents, and murder (60). Notably, legalizing marijuana may promote its abuse by adolescents, destroying the future of the society. In conclusion, the legalization of marijuana is an ongoing debate among governments because while the drug is deemed harmful and illegal, it could save the governments billions of money. The pro side of the legalization claims that it is useful in the medical field, and it can contribute to the reduction of overcrowding in prisons. The benefits of legalizing marijuana would help the government to save money, which they can be used to fund other

Managing Entrepreneurial Enterprises' Written Report Essay

Managing Entrepreneurial Enterprises' Written Report - Essay Example The market is currently experiencing a 2.1 percent, stable annual growth rate and provides $8 billion in annual revenues across Australia. The market potential consists of approximately 591,000 potential customers, which is roughly 30 percent of the entire regional population in South East Queensland. It is a favourable market based on cultural characteristics found within the homogenous Australian culture and one where ample opportunities for commercial development in a highly-saturated region with many resource-capable target customer groups. To ensure competitive success, the business must focus on brand-building, promotion and establishment of a human-centric leadership model of human resources to gain commitment and establish a dedicated, cohesive organisational culture that will provide legitimate excellence in service. Relationship development between AAB and the client markets are critical for ensuring competitive success in a market environment where many products are easily replicated by other consulting firms. Financing will occur utilising traditional banking systems, on medium-term loan generation, requiring monthly payback. This strategy is most appropriate for a small-sized company unable to procure adequate capital through stock issuance and where start-up costs are not substantial to ensure proper capital expenditures for many different tangible assets. The monthly break-even, as aligned with expected sales volumes for each variety of sales packages provided to customers, supports medium-term financing in this capacity. Australian Acumen Brokers Consulting (AAB) is a small business designed to offer corporate and small business clients advice and opportunities to improve their marketing positioning and brand visibility. Many businesses operating in multiple industries lack the resources and or management capital necessary to establish recognised brand identities among competition and often do not

The Origin and Significance of European Sovereign Debt Crisis Essay

The Origin and Significance of European Sovereign Debt Crisis - Essay Example Indeed, despite Germany being at the centre of the origin of the European debt crisis, there were other players who had the authority to save the euro member countries from plunging into this crisis. Introduction Manolopoulos (2011) refers to the European sovereign debt crisis as a financial crisis which has caused some Eurozone countries to have difficulties in refinancing respective government debts unless a third party intervenes. The decade preceding 2009 saw the Eurozone achieve much success economically with the European Central Bank, ECB achieving its policy objectives. The inflation was maintained at low with an almost equilibrium GDP. The use of a single currency reduced the cost of transactions with the greatest effect being on territories of countries where financial interactions were intense. Nonetheless, Grahl (2011) noted that with a single currency, member countries lose control of their currencies. As such, the exchange rate becomes fixed and in times of competitiveness problems, the country would not devalue or allow depreciation of its currency. During the crisis of the sovereign debt crisis, Britain was cushioned against this because of not being a member of the Eurozone. Secondly, these countries lose the control of domestic interest rates which influence investment and consumption effectively affecting the economy. It would only be beneficial if the member economies move at par. But with discrepancies, with others in recession while others face inflation, this becomes costly. The average good performance of the Eurozone hid some of these misgivings and individual performances of these countries. For instance, countries negatively affected by the Eurozone debt crisis had inflation rates of above 2% despite the average inflation of the Germany, the largest economy in the Eurozone being always being lower than 2% (Grahl 2011). While Germany had gradual growth, the other countries had domestic booms and entered into debt crisis with Greece being the first casualty followed by Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy in that order, with their account deficits being traced back to 1999. These countries borrowed for their domestic financing from abroad such as the housing developments in Spain and Ireland and government spending in Italy financed by German household savings. These financing was given when these countries were unable to service these debts in the long run. Instead of financing human capital and productive projects that would lead to higher future returns, the investments were on public and private consumption and on wasteful construction projects. According to Conquest (2011), financial crises resulting from housing booms would normally lead to sovereign debt crisis. Grahl (2011) further argues that sovereign debt crisis would be further propelled by fears of government’s insolvency as it would fail to pay capital and interest on its bonds. Eventually, capital markets get closed and the governments forced to default. The local currency would then depreciate followed by

Quality Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Quality Nursing Care - Essay Example She was Madeleine Leininger who was among the first graduate to gain doctorate degree in anthropology and she thought to add new dimension to nursing by introducing culture relevant caring technique which was introduced as a concept and later mature into a specialized domain in nursing and known to be as transcultural nursing. "A substantive area of study and practice focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures. Transcultural nursling's goal is to provide culture specific and universal nursing care practices for the health and well-being of people or to help them face unfavorable human conditions, illness or death in culturally meaningful ways" Culture and care has been associated in nursing in transcultural setting where care is provided with accordance to person's culture. Care according to Leininger is termed as a powerful and dynamic force to understand the totality of human behavior in health and sickness (p 2). According to Leininger "Caring is also attributed to actions, attitudes and practices to assist or help others toward healing and wellbeing" (p 5) Culture on the other hand is the "broadest, most comprehensive, holistic and universal feature of human being which comprises of the learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and life ways of a particular culture that guides thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways and often intergenerationally" (Leininger, p 6). Leininger thought that having no cultural knowledge was affecting the quality of nursing actions and decisions. So nursing in transcultural setting is reliant on the knowledge about the patient's culture and cultural attributes. Transcultural nurses are train to work in diverse culture and to identify unknown or misunderstood cultures factors and influencers which affect caring actions and decisions. Sharon Murphy quotes that transcultural studies comprises of care symbol, expressions and meanings and their research is basically studying cultural care and health concern. Leininger also presented a theory called as "The Culture Care Theory". This theory presented the interdependency between culture and care and emphasized that culture relevant care helps to improve the helping technique use to facilitate patient in the course of their recovery. Some major construct of Leininger's theory are firstly the interdependency between culture and care, secondly the theories and models are unknown blurred truth and expressions in a culture and are pictorial diagram showing some concept but lack the relationship among them respectively. Thirdly the theory is open to discovery of unknown ideas previously unknown or indistinctive related to cultural care experience of human health and welfare. Fourthly the theory encourages ascertaining various aspect of culture and care in naturalistic manner in similar or different environmental context. Fifth is a new technique of discovery such cultural values and expressions which is Ethnonursing method and it is define by Leininger as "an

Natural Gas in Israel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Natural Gas in Israel - Assignment Example This means that even as it focuses on economic development, Israel must give good attention to its defense and the activities of its neighbors and maintain a robust and well thought out foreign policy. One other challenge that the country has to deal with is pollution. With the development of new industries comes more pollution. The country has taken a raft of measures to ensure that it remains stable and harvest the resource sustainably. It remains to be seen, however, how the country will deal with these challenges. Â  For a long time, the world has known the economic importance of oil and natural gas. Many countries including The United Arab Emirates and Canada are the testimony to the wealth and power that comes with having natural gas and oil as part of a country’s natural resources. Being situated in the Middle East which is associated with massive oil and natural gas reserves, Israel hoped that it too would enjoy the benefits of having oil and natural gas wells ever since its establishment as a modern country. While this was the case, the country’s prospects of discovering natural gas and oil very little promise. Â  Between 1954 and 1969, the officially country began to hunt for natural gas reserves off and onshore as noted by Forman (2013). After more a long period of searching, the Tethys Sea Partnership announced that it had discovered natural gas in the Noa field. The discovery of the Mari B field after the first discovery was a feat that sparked great interest in Israel’s coast. The year 2005 saw Israel sign a contract with Egypt for the supply of 40 percent of its yearly demand (Forman 2013). The Tamar, Dalit 1, and Levithian reserves were discovered between 2009 and 2012 marks a major breakthrough for the small country (Forman 2013). For the first time in the history of Israel, natural gas from the Tamar reserve flowed in 2013 marking another major breakthrough in the country’s history. Â  

Quality Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Quality Nursing Care - Essay Example She was Madeleine Leininger who was among the first graduate to gain doctorate degree in anthropology and she thought to add new dimension to nursing by introducing culture relevant caring technique which was introduced as a concept and later mature into a specialized domain in nursing and known to be as transcultural nursing. "A substantive area of study and practice focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures. Transcultural nursling's goal is to provide culture specific and universal nursing care practices for the health and well-being of people or to help them face unfavorable human conditions, illness or death in culturally meaningful ways" Culture and care has been associated in nursing in transcultural setting where care is provided with accordance to person's culture. Care according to Leininger is termed as a powerful and dynamic force to understand the totality of human behavior in health and sickness (p 2). According to Leininger "Caring is also attributed to actions, attitudes and practices to assist or help others toward healing and wellbeing" (p 5) Culture on the other hand is the "broadest, most comprehensive, holistic and universal feature of human being which comprises of the learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and life ways of a particular culture that guides thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways and often intergenerationally" (Leininger, p 6). Leininger thought that having no cultural knowledge was affecting the quality of nursing actions and decisions. So nursing in transcultural setting is reliant on the knowledge about the patient's culture and cultural attributes. Transcultural nurses are train to work in diverse culture and to identify unknown or misunderstood cultures factors and influencers which affect caring actions and decisions. Sharon Murphy quotes that transcultural studies comprises of care symbol, expressions and meanings and their research is basically studying cultural care and health concern. Leininger also presented a theory called as "The Culture Care Theory". This theory presented the interdependency between culture and care and emphasized that culture relevant care helps to improve the helping technique use to facilitate patient in the course of their recovery. Some major construct of Leininger's theory are firstly the interdependency between culture and care, secondly the theories and models are unknown blurred truth and expressions in a culture and are pictorial diagram showing some concept but lack the relationship among them respectively. Thirdly the theory is open to discovery of unknown ideas previously unknown or indistinctive related to cultural care experience of human health and welfare. Fourthly the theory encourages ascertaining various aspect of culture and care in naturalistic manner in similar or different environmental context. Fifth is a new technique of discovery such cultural values and expressions which is Ethnonursing method and it is define by Leininger as "an

Database systems analysis & design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Database systems analysis & design - Assignment Example It keeps a record of the students in the university. Each student record includes personal details, the departments that they are majoring in, any minors they might have chosen, the courses a department offers that they might be enrolled in, the particular section of a course they might be in and the instructor teaching them in that particular section. The system helps issues a grade report for a student indicating the marks obtained in a section and the grade awarded. The University System has two stakeholders; the Administrators and the Students. This section highlights the role of each stakeholder in the system. The proposed data model has to consider these roles in its design. The administrators are users who perform the managerial tasks of the system. They have the privilege of adding, reading, updating and deleting details and records of students, courses, sections, grades and departments. They can perform advanced level statistical queries on the data stored in the system. An administrator could even be the Dean of the university. The Students are the users that only have the privilege to reading their grade report for each course. Students do not have any privilege of adding, updating or deleting any type of information to the database. Top-down modelling approach was used in formulating the data model for the University System database. Therefore, a series of sub-diagrams were designed first to lay the ground for the final Entity Relationship Attribute (ERA) diagram. The entity relationship (ER) model was formulated first once the entities and their relationships were identified. The Entity Attribute (EA) Model was designed next once the attributes for each entity were identified. Thereafter, relationship sets and identifiers were selected from the ER Model forming the final ERA diagram. Robinson notation was used in designing the database model. The first phase was to

Divorce Bill Essay Example for Free

Divorce Bill Essay Marriage is regarded as a sacred union between man and a woman, and the family founded on marriage is recognized as a fount of love, protection and care; therefore it must be cherished and must last forever. Nonetheless, when everything is broken, and many tears were shed, all ends into divorce. Divorce is the final termination of a marital union, canceling the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and dissolving the bonds of matrimony between the parties (unlike annulment, which declares the marriage null and void). Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries it requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process. The reason that gave me urge to pursue this topic is my sympathy to the children that will get left behind. This survey showcases the different views of some people towards this topic. â€Å"Divorce is a declaration of independence with only two signers. – Gerard Lieberman The question I am contending goes like this: â€Å"Pipirma ka ba?† People have different views and opinions concerning this topic. There are those who are in favor of divorce and those who are not in favor of divorce. The third will be those who are neutral. I asked several students about their stand on divorce. The following are the comments of some anti-divorce people: According to Jerome Canonizado, 1st year student of Mapua Institute of Technology, why would people bother themselves for a marriage if they will just give themselves pester and hassle in dealing with divorce papers? Canonizado is implying that he is implying that he isn’t in favor with divorce. Another comment from Sorell Angeles, a freshman student in Ateneo de Manila University, said no for he believes that marriage is a lifetime   decision that’s why choosing the right partner should be taken seriously. He as well added that with divorce, the sanctity and holiness of marriage will be easily broken by those who will not be serious for this manner. Other respondents like Julius Rodriguez of Mapua, and John De Asis of Ateneo, stressed out the vows and promises renounced by the couple during the marriage. They are saying that after all these vows and promises, why would a couple end up filing divorce papers with each other? They are implicitly saying that their stand for this subject is against divorce. In addition with these anti-divorce people above, another anti-divorce person in the name of Bernadette Senado, a cell group mentor and a teacher gave her opinion as regards to divorce. She said that in this day and age, most relationships are results of people’s emotional impulses. Because of these, people were blinded and were not able to make right decisions and choices, and choose the right partner. All in all, in any angle, according to her, there’s no beauty in divorce. Now, the following are the comments of the pro-divorce people: Arnold Justin Mejia Rull, a resident of Marikina city, commented that he is a pro-divorce. His answer was based on a certain situation in a relationship. According to him, he would definitely file a divorce case once gets battered. Another pro-divorce person would be Alec Baluyot, a 1st year student of Mapua. For him, when the time comes where the intimacy and spark between a couple no longer exists, he will file a divorce. This would prevent more damages caused by the quarrels and fights of the couple, which would greatly give an impact to their children. At this time, the following are the scrutinizations made by the people whose stand on this matter is neutral. For John Roel Yerro, a freshman student of Ateneo de Manila University, his decision for this subject depends on the situation undergone by a couple. What is more important for him is the proper and efficient management of a relationship between couples. Another student from Ateneo, in the person of Benro Balaoing, stated his stand for this issue. According to him, nowadays, we’re in a situation where in what is needed are the security of life and the preservation of the honor and dignity of each individual in our country. The children are the ones greatly affected by this issue. In addition to that, he said that instead of condemning a couple for making a wrong decision, he said that what is more important is the options we can provide for them to be freed out of such atrocious situations. As shown in this paper, people have different stands on divorce. In the end, though, the surefire way to avoid this tragic ending is awareness: awareness of yourself, awareness of your relationship, and awareness of the welfare of the children. As for me, I don’t have my own firm stand right now. With that I’m neither saying that I’m totally opposing divorce nor approbating with it. Actually, I’m somewhat in favor with the passing of the bill. Divorce would be auspicious for me when done in a complete and systematic way. With systematic and complete, I mean, all papers are reviewed well, the side of the both parties are well heard, in short, everything is analyzed stupendously. On the other hand, I would like, as much as possible, to prevent the filing of divorce cases. I honor the sanctity and holiness of marriage, and believe its lifetime prominence to a couple, that’s why it should be preserved, maintained, and kept until the last breath of the c ouple. Prior to our knowledge, the Philippines had been colonized by the Spaniards for approximately 300 years. For this reason, Catholicism, brought by these colonizers in our country, has a great influence to the state. The Filipino identity which is mostly explicit in this matter is their complete and pious devotion to the Roman Catholic Church and its beliefs since Filipinos, as stated earlier, were greatly influenced by the religion brought by Spaniards. In view of the fact that the Catholic Church believes that marriage is a lifetime partnership and commitment between couples, it can be said that the church does not concur with the concept of divorce. This may be proved by the absence of divorce here in the Philippines. Only annulment is passed out in our country. The statements that I like the most are: The responses that I dislike are: I like his statement because we have the same stand and it doesn’t show any bias. I also favor this response because this answer is very eye catching plus it’s composition structure is superb. I dislike this for responses are irrelevant. Only God holds and knows our future. Marriage couldn’t be dash with that reason and there is a bigger chance that the children could be more affected when their parents are separated. I also dislike this because we, humans must know what is right and wrong.

Market Analysis And Market Entry Strategies For Brazil

Market Analysis And Market Entry Strategies For Brazil Accompanied by the globalisation the necessity and need for every company to rival on a global level in order to prevail arises. Hence, more and more companies pursue an expansion strategy out of reasons such as product diversification, lower costs, economies of scales and country incentives (Shook, 2008). Therefore this report will concentrate on the expansion of the sandwich chain Pret a Manger with a special focus on their market entry into the Brazilian market. Beneath Russia, India and China, Brazil is one of the BRIC countries and has on the one hand a highly developing economic growth and on the other hand a huge customer potential for the sandwich chain as Brazil has a population of approximately 185 million (Embassy of Brazil, 2010). The English sandwich chain was founded in 1986 by the college friends Sinclair and Julian and is headquartered in London, England. With its 225 shops, which are amongst some shops in the U.S. and in Hong Kong mostly located within the UK, Pret has a turnover of approximately 200 million pounds per year and employs around 4000 people. Their USP is the offering of fresh made food, avoiding preservatives and additives, which sets the company apart from the normal fast food chains (Pret, 2010a). According to their USP the company collects and distributes the food that hasnt been sold on that day to charity organisations every evening. Moreover the company directs its attention to sustainability concerning food purchasing, packaging, carbon emission, energy, waste and recycling (Pret, 2010c). When planning to expand globally a company needs to develop a global marketing strategy. Therefore this report will deal with the analysis of the Brazilian market on the one hand, including tools such as BERI Index, PESTLE analysis, Porters 5 Forces and MIS to be able to constitute the attractiveness of the market and to spot opportunities and threats that may arise when entering this market (Aaker/McLoughlin, 2010). On the other hand this report will concentrate on a possible market entry strategy for the companies products and services which will enable the company to achieve their objectives and to be successful within the Brazilian market. Market Analysis 2.1. BERI Index The Business Environment Risk Intelligent Index is an index to assess and forecast the political, financial and economic situation of a country for international lenders. The single factors are scaled from zero to four, with zero constituting unacceptable conditions to four constituting superior conditions, and are weighted to their valued importance. Looking at the BERI Index of Brazil it can be said that the country, with 61, 5 points, can be classified as an immature economy with investment potential (Hollensen, 2007, p.251). With an overall score of 10, economic growth is the highest ranked factor within the BERI Index, as Brazil is a newly industrialized country and has a therefore a huge growth potential. The lowest ranked factor is local management and partner because of among others the doubtfulness of corruption (Economist, 2010).  [1]   2.2. PESTLE Analysis The factors of the external macro environment can be analysed with a PESTLE analysis. This framework includes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors, which are country specific and are mostly factors a company cannot control. Changes in the external environment can either depict threats or opportunities for a company. Therefore a company that wants to enter a new market must conduct a PESTLE Analysis to be aware of the external circumstances (Nejati et al., 2008). For Pret a Manger, planning to expand their sandwich chain to the Brazilian market this report will examine the most important success-factors, which are in the context of this company the social, political and economical factors. The three major changes that can be exposed in this context are: Strong economic growth (BRIC) (Euromonitor, 2009a) Emergence of wealthier income classes (Datamonitor, 2009) Orientation towards healthier lifestyles (Euromonitor, 2009a) The detailed PESTLE analysis can be inspected in Appendix D. 2.3. Porters 5 Forces Porters 5 Forces is a framework that helps every company to better understand the circumstances in which a firm operates, by analysing the five forces that are influencing each industry, ranking them from 1 to 5. The benefit of this framework is that when having analysed the environment of the aimed industry and being aware of the industry structure a company can gain competitive advantage when positioning itself according to that structure (Grimm et al., 2006). Looking at the Brazilian foodservice industry the first point to consider is the competitive rivalry within this industry. According to the competitive rivalry Brazil can be rated as strong (4). This is due to the fact that Brazil has a highly competitive market as there is a strong culture of eating out. Moreover the fast food sector is continuously growing and well-known fast food chains such as Mc Donalds are spreading all over the country and challenge local providers (Euromonitor, 2009a). The threat of new entrants can also be ranked as strong (4), as many companies are attracted to the Brazilian market due to the rapidly growing economy. Beyond that entry and exit costs are low, which makes the market attractive for potential foodservice companies. These days many foreign foodservice chains are entering the Brazilian market which makes the threat of new entrants strong because the middle class continuously rises and therefore increases the customer base for these companies as w ell. Overall customers dont tend to stick to a single chain. Home cooking, leisure activities and food retail are substitutes for the foodservice industry. But the threat of substitutes can be ranked as moderate (3) as Brazilians like to eat out (Euromonitor, 2009a). Regarding the buyer power it can be said that switching costs for buyers are low (2) but an individual consumer has only little bargaining power concerning price-negotiation. The supplier power can be seen as moderate (3) as suppliers have more bargaining power than consumers. Besides farmers and food manufacturers staff can also be seen as a supplier. As long as labour costs are high in the foodservice industry, which is known as a low-margin industry, staff has bargaining power too. 2.4. Hofstede According to Geert Hofstede (2010a) culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster. Therefore every company must specifically look at the cultural differences that may occur, when entering a new market. Hence, looking at the cultural differences between the UK and Brazil is essential for Pret a Manger to be able to react accordingly. Those differences are depicted in Table 2. There are significant differences between the Brazilian and the UK culture. Collectivism beats individualism in Brazil and the power distance and the uncertainty avoidance index show that Brazilians prefer rules. These are significant cultural differences and Pret a Manger has to monitor all its steps in Brazil to be able to adjust problems that might occur due to these differences immediately. 2.5. Segmentation To be able to offer custom-tailored products and services each company, which doesnt want to pursue a mass market strategy, has to define market segments to be able to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their marketing endeavours. When a company is able to specifically align their products and services to the customers needs it is more likely to record cost savings as there is only minimal marketing wastage and the involvement of the customer is likely to increase which will in the end be a boon to the company (Conrady et al., 2008). Demographics, psychographics and behaviour are the three areas of the segmentation process. Looking at the demographics Prets average customers are between 25 and 45 years, are business women/men with middle to high income level. On the psychographic side Prets consumer segment has a lifestyle that could be mentioned as yuppie as consumers are active, busy and fashionable. Furthermore, looking at the behaviour of the consumers, it can be said t hat there is a tendency to fast and convenience food due to a lack of time. In Prets targeted segment brand loyalty is not high as there are various opportunities for consumers to buy food. As the segments of UK and Brazil are identical, this would match Levitts standardisation approach. But as there are slightly different preferences in Brazil Pret has to make local adjustments to fulfil the customers needs. Therefore Pret has to follow a polycentric approach. 2.6. Marketing Information System A marketing information system (MIS) is a helpful tool to collect and analyse customer information to support the marketing planning, by assessing market research data (Armstrong, 2003). Therefore Pret establishes a branch of its marketing research office in Sao Paulo, Brazil. To gather all the required information the 12 C-Framework can be used and its most important points to develop a profile of the Brazilian market (Doole/Lowe, 2008). For example Pret needs to know more about the consumer behaviour and when and how they prefer to eat sandwiches. Concerning the consumption the company has to consider how many sandwiches they can sell per day per store. Moreover the commitment needs to be assessed respective how the consumers feel about the product and whether they appreciate the freshness and sustainability of the offered products. Another interesting point are the choices to evaluate in how far the local taste has to be integrated within the menu. The capacity to pay is another e vident point as every nationality is different regarding the capacity and willingness to pay. Therefore the Big-Mac-Index could be a good figure to measure this and to establish prices in foreign currencies, but Pret needs to think about whether this index would be useful for them or whether it wouldnt be better to research a sandwich index. All those questions have to be answered by Prets research office. Market Entry 3.1. Objectives The targets given by Prets management concerning the market entry to Brazil are To develop a strong position in Brazil To establish a consistent brand globally in the long term To gain 10% market share in the first year To increase sales by 3% year on year for the next five years To secure long term profitability To stay in a budget of  £250 million Business objectives are essential for every company and a key for business success. Their aim is to set up targets on which every single person can orientate itself, to conduce as a measure of success and failure of the company and an overall guideline (Stockton, 1998). 3.2. Entry Strategy Pret a Mangers entry strategy for Brazil is going to consist of starting 200 wholly-owned subsidiaries. With this concept Pret is able to navigate and control the whole process and is able to adapt their strategy if things dont work out the way they should. Looking at the store concept Pret will on the one hand establish their common store concept Local Pret, where there is an outside area, a lounge, a dining area and a refrigerated self-service counter to provide a second home for their customers (Pret, 2010d). On the other hand Pret invented a new store concept called Kiosk Pret especially for the Brazilian market, where the food is sold through a window directly to the customer and will be set up in busy areas, where the people have time constraints. This idea arose out of market research, where they found that this concept is quite popular and successful in the Brazilian market (Maria Brazil, 2010). Concerning the location Prets Shops will be set up mainly in the city centres, shopping centres, in tourist areas near attractions, in business areas and in airports and stations. As you can see in figure 2 for their first market entry to Brazil Pret has targeted to open up stores in Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Victoria as those cities have a huge population-density (altogether around 55 million) and are the main attraction for tourists. 3.3. Food and Internal Structure According to the food supply Pret decided to do local sourcing in Brazil to guarantee the freshness of the offered products for their customers. Therefore the company has to make contracts with local bread, milk and other suppliers. To guarantee the freshness of the offered products Pret establishes two distribution centres, one in Sao Paulo and one in Rio to be able to deliver the food just in time. Furthermore Pret will establish a quality control management which is responsible for the operational such as the presentation of food, service and food quality. As Brazilians like to eat sandwiches Prets bread range will comprise baguettes, sandwiches and hamburger rolls. Because Brazilians prefer to eat sandwiches in the morning and in the evening, Pret includes one speciality Feijoada Completa in their product range which is to be offered at noon. This speciality is a stew of beans with beef and pork meats which is a typical Brazilian dish. Concerning cultural differences it can be said that Brazilians dont like to touch their food by hand (Maria Brazil, 2010). Therefore Pret invented a napkin wrap, so that the food is covered and ready to eat for them without having the risk that they wouldnt buy it. The UK packaging, which is cardboard packaging, will be maintained in Brazil as there arent any cultural differences concerning this. Despite the fact that Brazilians are aware of the overall obesity rate and are searching for healthier options (Euromonitor, 2009a) one of the most famous burgers in Brazil is the X-Everything, which has 1300 calories and contains several ingredients such as chicken, sausage, ham, bacon, cheese and so on (Ribeiro, 2010). As this is not a healthy option Pret is likely to succeed with its niche positioning, offering a product range that represents a better and healthier alternative to other fast food chains. With regard to the internal structure for Brazil Pret will acquire and train the stuff continuously as they have chosen to only enter the market with wholly-owned subsidiaries. Moreover Pret will hire one UK estate manager, who will be responsible for 10 shops in general. To comply with the law and to have good working conditions, which also contribute to a good company image, Pret will establish a two-shift system. The opening times for the city centre will be from 8 am to 6 pm and shops within shopping centres will be opened from 10 am until 11 pm. 3.4. Branding There are four steps of building a strong brand that are contained within the customer-based brand equity model. This branding ladder has an ordering, which means all the steps are interdependent. It helps to define/describe the brand and helps to assist the overall brand building process. To achieve those 4 steps the company has to establish brand building blocks. The most valuable block is the resonance as this implies that the customer has a great loyalty to that brand (Keller et al., 2008). Those for steps are depicted in figure 3.  [2]   If the company wants to be successful and to be able to reach as many customers as possible they should meld the left hand side of the pyramid, which contains product related associations, and the right hand side of the pyramid, which contains non product related emotional associations (Keller, 2001). The CBBE Pyramid of Pret is depicted in Figure 5. The Brand identity is about the creation of perceptual salience, which should ensure that the consumer is aware of the companies offered products. It is important that the customer, when wanting to buy a sandwich, associates Pret with the selling of sandwiches. Prets brand identity is that they can be identified as a sandwich provider. To create a brand meaning the company must develop an image that stresses how the brand should be perceived from their target group. This derives either from the performance or the image. The customer associations arise either from self experience or advertising. Whereas the brand performance is geared towards communicating and providing a product that meets and satisfies customer needs, the brand image is more about how people should experience the brand in an abstract way. The brand meaning of Pret is that they are all about freshness, health and sustainability. Moreover they deliver good quality, mee t convenience needs and have a dependable service (Pret, 2010b). If the brand is perceived as unique it supports in the next step a great brand response. As the word implies brand response is all about how consumers feel about and respond to the brand which can either happen due to rational judgements or feelings. Consumers judgements originate after assessing all perceived performance and imagery points like the quality, credibility and superiority of the brand. The brand feeling is about what the customer feels, when he thinks of the brand which can amongst others be warmth, fun, excitement or security. Therefore the brand response, when the brand meaning is perceived correctly, should be positive in that kind of way that the customer realizes that Pret is a healthier alternative to other fast-food providers because it is seen as unique and credible. If Pret gets this brand response they are able to build a loyal brand relationship with their customers, because they have only a few direct competitors with a similar branding and are able to const antly increase their brand resonance (Keller, 2001). 3.5. Marketing To create a favoured brand image Pret has to plan actions within their marketing strategy that are necessary to achieve their marketing goals. The marketing plan for Brazil is adjusted to local preferences. Therefore Pret signed a contract with Robinho, a famous football player, who will be the endorsement for their city-light campaign underlining the healthy concept. This campaign starts half a year before Prets opening to raise peoples interest in the brand and the banners will be placed at top locations. One week before opening Pret will print a full-page ad in the local newspapers to make people aware of the companys upcoming opening. To maximize event exposure advertisements take place on the peak hour commute to and from work two weeks prior to store opening. Prets event sponsoring will comprise beach soccer, as Robinho is a football player and beach soccer is the most famous sport in Brazil. Concerning the prize and taste promotion Pret will provide free nibbles on the opening day as well as special prices to attract potential customers. Moreover Pret is establishing a one-to-one marketing concept to be able to inform the people about new variations of products directly regarding to their preferences. Branding and Positioning 4.1. Branding Despite the product, which is a tangible asset of a company, a brand is much more than that as it compasses the companys values and when established successfully would even exist in the customers minds when a disaster would destroy all tangible assets. In todays competitive landscape in which the products are homogenous, brands are an important factor to differentiate the company from its competitors and to gain competitive advantage by achieving customer loyalty (Armstrong et al., 2009). For consumers brands are quiet helpful as they help them to: identify the source of product, devolve the responsibility to the company when the product doesnt work, reduce the perceived risk as the brand guarantees a special quality reduce time efforts as consumer is able to immediately find its brand in the store function as a symbolic device (Parameswaran, 2008) The key to success for every company is therefore not only to communicate their brand values to affect the perceptions of the customers but to over-satisfy their expectations to be able to compete in todays highly competitive market (Nilson, 2000). How important the establishment of a powerful brand is can be clarified with the example of a blind-test, where people where asked to make a comparison between Coke and Pepsi. Whereas in the blind test the majority of people preferred Pepsi (51%) rather than Coke (44%)  [3]  the open test revealed that with 65% Coke was more popular than Pepsi with only 23%  [4]  (Chernatony et al., 2002). This once more underpins the importance of building a strong brand. The advantages for companies that have a strong brand are that they have a risk reduction because they have a huge loyal customer base and therefore their future sales and revenues are ensured (Kapferer, 2008). As delineated in chapter 3.4. branding is about how the company communicates their brand to their customers whereas brand equity is the value that is being ascribed to a brand from a customers point of view. For Pret a Manger wanting to open up stores in Brazil it is important to decide whether they want to build a global brand with or without adaptation. According to Levitt (1983), who is a proponent of the standardization approach, a straight extension strategy by which the same promotion and products are offered globally is the best way to generate economies of scale. Contrary Aaker (2000) stresses that those global brands that incorporate different cultural needs are perceived as successful, whilst managing to retain a similar brand identity and advertising strategy across all countries. For Pret a Manger the establishment of a unique global brand is essential to be successful in the long run as the company wants to further internationalise its business. Nevertheless the company needs to be aware of the differences in consumer behaviour according tastes, perceptions, aesthetic preferences to be able to adjust to different cultural needs in every country to gain market share. As mentioned in chapter 3.3. Brazilians are aware of their high obesity rate and are searching for healthier options. Therefore entering the market with a concept of healthy food options is a good choice as Brazilians are already aware of this issue. Brazilians are proud of there culture simultaneously they are open for foreign companies entering their country as those are connected with better quality for most people living in BRIC countries. Nevertheless the influence of culture in the food sector is quite high as they are reflected in local needs and tastes. Therefore Pret adapts their food to the local needs as mentioned in chapter 3.3. and uses Robinho in their advertising campaign to elicit national pride. To successfully extend their brand equity on a global scope Pret builds on a human concern that is omnipresent nowadays: sustainability and healthiness, which helps them to reach consumers regardless of their cultural background and gives them the additional value of being perceived as a global brand. Due to this Pret is able to be approved at local level, while beyond that having the advantages of economies of scale (Hollis, 2008). Positioning Rise and Trouts (2001, p.2) definition of product positioning emphasizes Positioning is not what you do to the product. Positioning is what you do to the mind of the prospect. The quintessence of this definition is that the ultimate battleground of marketing is the prospects mind. When customers want to purchase a special product or service they tend to assess the differences between the objects of comparison. Hence, they create a mental picture of the relevant objects of comparison through the allocation of features. This signifies that the single objects are positioned by the prospects mentally (Kotler and Bliemel, 2001). Therefore it is important for every company to understand the costumers mind to position its brand in the right mode to come first into mind when consumer are thinking about a special product. This is especially important in a time, where information overload is omnipresent and consumers are selective to either take or ignore presented information (Trout, 1996). According to Trout (1996) the principles of brand positioning are: Establish a position in the targeted costumers minds Provide a simple and consistent message, which conveys the companies benefits Differentiate a company from other companies Focus the companies efforts; do not provide all things to all people. (Lovelock et al., 2002) Prets USP is the offering of fresh made food, avoiding preservatives and additives, which sets the company apart from the normal fast food chains and therefore differentiates it with the help of their products (Pret, 2010a). Moreover Prets customers dont have to queue for their products as they are freshly prepared on that day, which isnt common for brands like Subway and Co.; this strengthens their rapid customer service respective service quality and makes them unique (Sanai, 2001). Gaining competitive advantage can either be achieved by selling products at a lower price or by increasing the benefit to customers in order to charge higher prices. The important factor of differentiating a company through the offering of higher value is that a company has to provide higher value to be perceived as trustworthy (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). Pret pursues latter strategy as their benefit is the offering of healthy and fresh made food; in communicating and putting across the benefit of their new concept, which none of their competitors are offering to that extent, Pret will be able to gain the first mover advantage and charge a premium price (Johnson et al., 2008). The positioning map is a tool to visualise the average perception of the target audiences of your company against competitive brands while comparing USPs and position is what the management wants the company to be in the future. If the perceived positioning doesnt match the companies desired position it has to communicate this message with the help of the marketing mix (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). For Pret a Manger the positioning map is useful as it helps them to reveal their current positioning and its potential in contrast to rivals. Figure 6 exemplifies the perceptual map for the Brazilian fast food market. When there are many products on the map perceived as equal some companies have to face the problem of being a me-to product, which can lead to the fact that they will never be in the top of customers minds in that category. Therefore it is important to define the category, where you are positioning yourself according to customer needs (for Pret: fresh and healthy food). For Pret a Manger in Brazil it is important to pursue a distinct positioning, to become more competitive in the overall fast food sector. The positioning as a healthy option addresses a special target group and will exclude others that arent interested in that topic. Moreover a clear healthy positioning can lead to a repositioning of competitors, as they could be perceived as unhealthy (Nilson, 2000). Looking at the competitors in Brazilian food sector it can be revealed, that there is no single chain with an overall focus on healthy and fresh made sandwiches, except minor local stores. The overall trend in Brazil is the investment in healthier food options and the provision of fast food as the increase in disposable income and the rising amount of working women leads to time constraints and the need for healthy food because of the obesity issue. Therefore brands such as McDonalds are adapting their product range and offer salads and wraps. The main competitors of Pret are: McDonalds, Habibs, Bob, Giraffa and Subway (Euromonitor, 2009b). Looking at the perceptual map it can be said that every fast food chain in Brazil has the attempt to offer fresher products therefore they are perceived as mostly equal in the mind of the customers and for some it will be difficult to come into customers mind in the first place. Pret has a unique selling proposition as they provide fast and fresh products and can therefore charge a premium price as they are offering a perceived added value. To be able to maintain that position Pret has to adjust all their marketing activities to retain it. Standardization or Adaptation The discussion over standardization vs. adaptation of a companies marketing strategy in international markets originated in the 1980s through an article of Levitt (Kapferer, 2008). According to Levitt (1983) successful companies pursue a global standardization approach throughout their entire marketing mix rather than customizing it in different countries to be able to offer low prices due to economies of scale whilst being advanced, functional and reliable. Global companies have, according to Levitt, a better economical performance than those trying to serve several markets by adjusting their marketing mix. He stresses that consumers culture steadily converges across markets nowadays and names technology for one of the main reasons, which leads from his point of view to the fact that the whole marketplace is pitilessly homogenized and has common features. In his article he predicts the downfall of multinational firms as global companies, pursuing a standardization approach, that enter the same market will have several advantages against latter. However, contrary perceptions are represented by other authors. Aaker (2000) and Kapferer et al. (2004) consider that there shouldnt be a clear cut between those two views suggesting that there should rather be a mixture of both; creating an international brand that incorporates different cultural needs whilst standardizing those parts of the marketing mix that doesnt necessarily need to be adjusted. This underpins the ubiquitous saying think global, act local, which means that a company can be perceived as a global brand with all its advantages, although acting global and local at the same time to react to similarities and differences of their targeted markets which can additionally generate competitive advantage (Kapferer, 2008).Pret a Manger wants to further internationalize its business, but nonetheless they are adjusting their marketing mix where perceived as necessary. Therefore the company follows a polycentric approach and must particularly decide about how to tackle each of the seven marketing mix components (Kotler, 2001). For Pret adjustments have to be made especially concerning product, promotion and physical evidence whereas the other components are standardized to achieve economies of scale. As mentioned in chapter 3.3. Brazilians only prefer to eat sandwiches in the morning and in the evening; therefore Pret serves a local speciality at noon. Moreover Pret adapts their packaging because of the cultural fact that Brazilians dont want to touch their food by hand as they would otherwise have to face the problem that they cant sell their products. Concerning the promotion Pret pursues a global promotion strategy, but adjusts to different preferences. As mentioned in chapter 3.5. Robinho is used as an endorser and

McDonalds Brand Essay -- Fast Food Empire, Hi-Fat, Hi-Sugar

Much like a smile, the â€Å"Golden Arches† can be understood in any language. The McDonalds brand is the most well-known, internationally embraced fast food empire. McDonalds operates over 31,000 franchises throughout the world, with the United States leading the way with a whopping 13,381outlets as of May 2009 [1]. McDonalds has the fast food market cornered, offering an increasing variety of food of beverages, marketed to people of all ages to eat at any time of the day. However, being a corporate giant has its issues. McDonalds has faced a lot of criticism for its high-fat, high-sugar, potentially addictive menu. While the corporation is not likely to outright admit responsible for its actions, McDonalds has seen some changes to address some of the issues. Despite the flaws in the public elements of the brand, McDonalds has established an almost recession-proof economic base [2]. Some of the benefits of the McDonalds brand are pretty obvious. The golden arches and the mascot Ronald McDonald have some the best recognition worldwide. This stems from the benefit of having global operations and the availability of culturally diverse foods that are provided based on the location of the restaurant [3]. McDonalds also utilizes installations in prime locations such as theme parks, airports, superstores and even in hospitals. The business is ranked number one in Fortune Magazine's 2008 list of most admired food service companies [4]. McDonalds is also associated with cheap prices, good tasting food and fast service. McDonalds also maintains a strong community oriented vibe with its Ronald McDonald Houses which provide charitable services to families with sick children requiring extended hospital stays (www.rmhc.org). McDonalds also sponso... ...y are creating "cradle to grave" marketing, entice children as young as one year old with special meals, toys and playgrounds then children grow up eating McDonalds which continues into adulthood. [4] They have also been sued multiple times for having "unhealthy" food, allegedly with addictive additives, contributing to the obesity epidemic in America. McDonalds is a strong company that has been around a long time and is ingrained into the memories of many people. They have indisputably strong brand recognition and loyalty. However, it may be time for McDonalds to undergo a makeover, especially in the areas of quality and their link to health concerns. It is pretty clear that McDonalds isn’t going bankrupt anytime soon. McDonalds has the ability to do good things for the world if they exchange some of their money saving ways more socially responsible practices.

Development of the American Experience, Thomas Jefferson

This passage is found on page 136, left column, fourth paragraph. This passage is used by Thomas Jefferson to argue on the necessity of establishing a government to replace the old structure of governance erected and maintained by the British crown. The passage establishes the basis for the dissolution of the American people’s â€Å"political bands†(Jefferson 136) and affiliation with Great Britain by stating that although changes in the government should never be taken lightly, it is unfortunate that many people are likely to prefer and even tolerate the wrongdoings and evil deeds promoted in the existing system for the sake of familiarity.In general, people are afraid of the disruption brought about by systemic changes because they are afraid of uncertainty. However, they have to realize that it is their right to initiate changes in terms of government when there is enough reason to do so, such as wanton abuse of power of leaders or corrupt practices or â€Å"wheneve r any form of government becomes destructive† or poses a hindrance to the achievement of human rights to â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† (Jefferson 136)Jefferson observes that the prevailing conditions under the governance of the â€Å"present king of Great Britain† points to such circumstance of â€Å"injuries and usurpations† (Jefferson 137) which have severely impeded the political and social life of the American people. Clearly, Jefferson uses this line of argument to convince the people of the morality of self-governance and of declaring independence vis-a-vis the state of being enslaved and virtually dependent on the British for political, social, and economic sustenance.By acknowledging the doubts and difficulties that surround the decision to break the ties with the long time British ruler, Jefferson and his followers wanted to arouse a sense of righteous anger in the face of the historical abuses committed by the king and his g overnment. For instance, he reminds his audience of how the British king has â€Å"plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, & destroyed the lives of our people.† (138)In effect, Jefferson encourages his audience to rise up against the tyrannical form of government imposed by a foreign ruler through the systematic use of violence and violation of human rights. In bringing up the general hesitance of the populace, Jefferson mocks and prods them into recognizing the validity of separation and of establishing their own government as a last resort in the face of the continued refusal of the British king to petitions for redress.(139)It is evident from Jefferson’s â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† that the need to form an independent government is made inevitable in order to protect the inherent rights of the American people from another government which is exploitative and tyrannical. Undoubtedly, it is through this concept of tyranny in governan ce that societies are able to form their own distinct ideas of what a government or the state of social relations should be like.Thomas Jefferson would later expound on the meaning of tyranny through religious bigotry and intolerance when he proposes the passage of an act to establish religious freedom as a human right. (141) The necessity of enacting legislation to prevent religious tyranny, which presupposes the superiority of a single religion over others and promotes the propagation of religion through coercion and imposition of religious ideas and opinions over others, shows that the government functions as a regulatory mechanism for guaranteeing human rights, including ensuring that one’s human right does not deprive another of his or her rights.Thomas Paine argues, for instance, thatâ€Å"government, even in its best state, is a necessary evil† (133) to demonstrate that government only becomes a social necessity when the members of society have become too corrup ted and too selfish so that they must be forced to acknowledge and perform their obligations toward others in order to experience peace and security, or when the people experience misery because of the intrusion of the government of another people.In many ways, both Jefferson and Paine’s conception of the role and relevance of the government as a social institution bears resemblance to the concepts explored by Rosseau in his thesis on the Social Contract, wherein he traces the historical roots of the birth of societies and governments, and describes the ideal relationship between the government and the people or the sovereign. Like Rosseau, Jefferson and Paine condemns the impulse towards tyranny that promotes the clash between the minority and majority interest, as represented by the tendency of the few to promote their selfish interests at the expense of others.This is exemplified in Jefferson and Paine’s account of the American experience under British rule, wherein both authors find the American people fully justified in announcing separation and in establishing â€Å"a government of our own† as â€Å"our natural right. † (Paine 135) Rosseau’s influence on the conception of nationalism on American thinkers such as Jefferson and Paine is also evident in the concepts of territory and the boundaries of private and social property that the authors use to justify the call to revolt against British colonization.This is clearly stipulated in the reasons that Jefferson and Paine enumerates, wherein they invoke the inherent human right to self-determination. (Ibid) Indeed, Jefferson’s argument on the right of the people to â€Å"alter or to abolish† a government based on its inability to protect the rights of the citizens and when it becomes an impediment towards the realization of full human development was made at a time when people lacked the confidence to believe that they were capable of governing themselves.How ever, Jefferson’s concept of the right of the people to a government that fully reflects and represents their collective interests and aspirations continues to resound to this day, when new forms of tyranny and new forms of oppression persists, oftentimes under the cloak of democracy or for the pursuit of human security.It is not a stretch of the mind to note the persistence of social problems such as intolerance and discrimination based on religion, gender, or social status, or the continued poverty experienced not only by the American people more so by the rest of the world, that effectively prevents the full realization of human rights and potentials that Jefferson and Paine have so boldly championed, and on which the democratic ideals of American society were built on.

Initial Public Offering Paper Essay

The focus of this paper is to examine and research the financing issues that an organization must face when going public. The team has selected Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. as the organization which has had an initial public offering in the last three years. The learning team will address registration, disclosure, and compliance issues and cost of issuance. In addition, the team will examine the impact on ownership control and return as well as the source and application of funds. Financing Issues that an Organization Faces When Going PublicAn Initial Public Offering (IPO), is extremely expensive for organizations. It is common for a small business to pay between $50,000 and $250,000 to organize and publicize an offering. According to Paul G. Joubert, author of The Portable MBA in Finance and Accounting, IPO claims between 15 and 20 percent of the proceeds of the sale of stock (IPO Forum, 2008). Some other costs associated with going public include lead underwriter’s commission, expenses for legal and accounting services, printing costs and filing costs with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Organizations may have ongoing expenses for legal, accounting and filing services (IPO Forum, 2008). Issues Impacting Dividend Policies and Constraints on Dividend Payments A firm must examine all financing and investment issues before determining the proper payout of dividends for their organization. Some organizations’ opt to pay out smaller cash dividends to reserve earnings for future expansion. It is ideal for an organization to start with smaller payouts, and continue with conservative dividends per share. This payout decision is a result of the organization’s capital budgeting decision. Another option for payout of dividends is to finance a large portion of their capital expenditures. This will free up cash that the organization can pay out to shareholders. This payout decision is a result of the decision to borrow for the organization’s growth (Brealey, Myers, and Marcus, 2007). Chipotle Chipotle Mexican Grill, INC. is a â€Å"fast-casual† restaurant. It offers customers the quality food they would receive in a restaurant with â€Å"fast-food† style quickness. The first opening was in 1993 by the founder  and CEO Steve Ells. They serve very few things but claim to provide thousands of options. Their base choices are burritos, burrito bowls, tacos, and salads. Chipotle’s culture is â€Å"Food With Integrity† which involves using â€Å"unprocessed, seasonal, family-farmed,.naturally made, added hormone free, organic, and artisanal†, in the words of Chipotle.com. Chipotle claims there products to better, all the way from dairy to meat. They only purchase from farms in which the animals are treated humanely and naturally raised. This philosophy has allowed Chipotle to grow from one location in 1993 to 670 in 2007 as well as compete in the fastest growing industry in restaurants (Chipotle, 2008). Registration, Disclosure and Compliance Issues Chipotle filed a form S-1/A with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2003. Two securities were registered under the filing as follows: Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, offered by the registrant and Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, offered by the selling shareholder. ( Form S-1/A ,2005) Common stock offered by the registrant is at a Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of $1 million dollars and a registration fee of $11,770. The Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of the common stock offered by the selling shareholder is $49.5 million (over allotment selling to the underwriters, if any, factored in to total) with a registration fee of $5,296.50. A total of 78,78,788 shares is included in the IPO and broken down by 60,60,606 from Chipotle Mexican Grill, INC and 18,18,182 from McDonalds Ventures, LLC as the selling shareholder. Chipotle intends to list their common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol â€Å"CMG† and selling price is between $15.50 and $17.50 per share. (Form S-1/A ,2005)Disclosure is the release of relevant information. (Disclosure ,2008) In Chipotle’s SEC filing they disclosed the prospectus statement, financial data, and future plans. Through there prospectus statement Chipotle makes it c lear that they are set apart from other chains by serving â€Å"Food with Integrity†. However, there are risks involved in investing, they are as follows: the number of new stores rapidly being established, lack of independent operating history, ability to continue to grow and profit, and  health and safety concerns regarding the ingredients used among others. Although the risk factors are in place, Chipotle’s financial data provides more assurance of returned profit on investment. In their â€Å"Rapidly Improving Financial Performance† section of the SEC filing they state a 130% increase in revenue in 2004 of 470.7 million up from 2002 and 49% up from 2003. And, average sales in new restaurants after 90 trading days increased 24.9% a total of $303,390. From 2002-2004 Chipotle opened a total of 237 stores. Their increased financial growth is attributed to â€Å"word-of-mouth† sales and quicker implementation of Chipotle culture in the area of the new restaurant. Also, more people are aware of Chipotle, thus increasing average opening sales.( Form S-1/A ,2005) The future plans of Chipotle is to expand operations and sales by opening new stores. They forecast opening a total of 75 stores in 2005 of which 58 were already opened at the time of the SEC filing. In order to expand sales they plan to implement an online method of ordering and increasing fax lines to accommodate heavier traffic without causing service to suffer. And, create new food options with existing ingredients. Through filing the SEC Chipotle is in compliance with the securities act of 1933 through rule 457 by following registration fee rules. (Compliance, 2008) Cost of Issuance A company filing an IPO must select underwriters in order to issue their stock. The underwriters purchase the stock and sell it at a slightly higher price than what they bought it for. They are responsible for all shares allotted, not including over allotment, and are not reimbursed for shares not sold at initial offer price. Chipotle’s underwriters areMorgan Stanley & Co. IncorporatedSG Cowen & Co., LLCBanc of America Securities LLCCitigroup Global Markets Inc. J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & SmithIncorporatedA.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. RBC Capital Markets CorporationSunTrust Capital Markets, Inc. Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC(Form S-1/A ,2005)Chipotle Mexican Grill, INC. did not disclose the cost of issuance in the SEC filing. Impact on Ownership Control and ReturnChipotle had filed their IPO October 25th, 2005. Seeking $121.4 Million, Morgan Stanley and SG Cowen & Co., LLC they auctioned their shares. Clarifying some of the details behind its highly anticipated stock offering, Chipotle estimated its market value to be as high as $121. 4 Million, Chipotle will remain majority owned by McDonald’s Corp. (Chipotle.com, 2008). On its first day as a public company, Chipotle stock rose exactly 100%, closing at $44.00 per share. On September 8, 2006 McDonald’s Corp. announced it had started an offer for its shareholders to exchange McDonald’s stock for shares of Chipotle Mexican Grill. The exchange allowed McDonald’s shareholders to acquire Chipotle shares at a 10 percent discount. The offer is capped at a level of 0.9157 Chipotle shares for each McDonald’s share exchanged owned by McDonalds Corporation. On October 13, 2006, McDonald’s Corp. completed a tax-free swap of class B common stock in Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. (NYSE:CMG), for its own common stock. McDonald’s Corp. has now fully divested its investment in Chipotle. Source and Application of FundsWhen it comes to an IPO, the initial funds come from an investment banking firm referred to as an underwriter. The underwriter provides the financial advice to the company, buys the stock from the company, and then resells it to the public. Depending on the size of the IPO and number of stocks being offered, the company may have one underwriter or multiple underwriters. Before the stocks can be sold, they must be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The primary responsibilities of the SEC are to enforce federal securities laws and to regulate stocks and the stock market. The company must also decide whether to trade the stocks on either the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ. This would be the secondary and future source of funds. When Chipotle decided to go public, they had two underwriting companies as their primary underwriters: Morgan Stanley and SG Cowen & Co. LLC. Chipotle originally planned to sell 6.3 million shares at $15.50 to $17.50 per share but ended up changing at the last minute to 6.3 million shares at $22 per share. In the end the offering raised approximately $133M in primary capital to fund new store growth. In conclusion, organization’s must take into consideration many financial issues and decisions when going public. Many of these financial issues will be ongoing, and have to be taken into consideration when determining dividend payout to shareholders. Reference(s) Brealey, R., Myers, S., and Marcus, A. (2007). Fundamentals of corporate finance. (5th ed.). [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text] New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved February 9, 2008 from University of Phoenix, rEsource, FIN325-Financial Analysis for Managers II Web site. Chipotle (2008) Chipotle.com Investor Relations. Retrieved on February 10, 2007 from,http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194775&p=irol-homeProfile&t=&id=&Compliance (2008) Compliance Definitions. Retrieved on February 10, 2008 from, http://www.investorwords.com/5468/compliance.htmlDisclosure (2008) Disclosure definition. Retrieved on February 11, 2008 from,http://www.investorwords.com/1469/disclosure.htmlForm S-1/A (2005) Chipotle Mexican Grill. INC SEC Filing. Retrieved on February 10,2007 from, http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194775&p=irol-sec&secCat01.1_rs=241&secCat01.1_rc=10#Initial Public Offering Forum. (n.d.). Initial public offering. Retrieved February 11, 2008 from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Inc-Mail/Initial-Public-Offerings.html